Difference between revisions of "Reasoning"
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<h2>Abductive reasoning</h2> | <h2>Abductive reasoning</h2> | ||
Abductive reasoning is the reverse of deductive reasoning and reasons from an observation to the most likely explanation. This is also known as “inference to the best explanation”. It is more selective than inductive reasoning, since it prioritizes hypotheses. <ref name="wang2019designing">Wang, D., Yang, Q., Abdul, A., & Lim, B. Y. (2019, May). Designing theory-driven user-centric explainable AI. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-15).</ref> | "Abductive reasoning is the reverse of deductive reasoning and reasons from an observation to the most likely explanation. This is also known as “inference to the best explanation”. It is more selective than inductive reasoning, since it prioritizes hypotheses." <ref name="wang2019designing">Wang, D., Yang, Q., Abdul, A., & Lim, B. Y. (2019, May). Designing theory-driven user-centric explainable AI. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-15).</ref> | ||
<h2>Analogical reasoning</h2> | <h2>Analogical reasoning</h2> | ||
" | "Analogical reasoning is a kind of reasoning that is based on finding a common relational system between two situations, exemplars, or domains. When such a common system can be found, then what is known about one situation can be used to infer new information about the other." <ref>Gentner, D., & Smith, L. (2012). Analogical Reasoning. In V. S. Ramachandran (Red), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (Second Edition) (Second Edition, bll 130–136). doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-375000-6.00022-7</ref> | ||
<h2>Deductive reasoning</h2> | <h2>Deductive reasoning</h2> | ||
Deductive reasoning “top-down logic” is the process of reasoning from premises to a conclusion.<ref name="wang2019designing"/> | Deductive reasoning “top-down logic” is the process of reasoning from premises to a conclusion.<ref name="wang2019designing"/> | ||
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<h2>Deep explanatory reasoning</h2> | <h2>Deep explanatory reasoning</h2> | ||
The teacher/tutor and student should focus on deep conceptual models and explanations rather than superficial facts. | The teacher/tutor and student should focus on deep conceptual models and explanations rather than superficial facts.<ref>Graesser, A. C., Person, N. K., & Magliano, J. P. (1995). Collaborative dialogue patterns in naturalistic one‐to‐one tutoring. Applied cognitive psychology, 9(6), 495-522.</ref> | ||
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<h2>Inductive reasoning</h2> | <h2>Inductive reasoning</h2> | ||
Inductive reasoning “bottom-up logic” is the reverse process of reasoning from a single observation or instance to a probable explanation or generalization. | Inductive reasoning “bottom-up logic” is the reverse process of reasoning from a single observation or instance to a probable explanation or generalization.<ref name="wang2019designing"/> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Latest revision as of 15:43, 7 March 2022
Abductive reasoning
"Abductive reasoning is the reverse of deductive reasoning and reasons from an observation to the most likely explanation. This is also known as “inference to the best explanation”. It is more selective than inductive reasoning, since it prioritizes hypotheses." [1]
Analogical reasoning
"Analogical reasoning is a kind of reasoning that is based on finding a common relational system between two situations, exemplars, or domains. When such a common system can be found, then what is known about one situation can be used to infer new information about the other." [2]
Deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning “top-down logic” is the process of reasoning from premises to a conclusion.[1]
Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning “bottom-up logic” is the reverse process of reasoning from a single observation or instance to a probable explanation or generalization.[1]
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Wang, D., Yang, Q., Abdul, A., & Lim, B. Y. (2019, May). Designing theory-driven user-centric explainable AI. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-15).
- ↑ Gentner, D., & Smith, L. (2012). Analogical Reasoning. In V. S. Ramachandran (Red), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (Second Edition) (Second Edition, bll 130–136). doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-375000-6.00022-7