Difference between revisions of "Reasoning"
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<h2>Abductive reasoning</h2> | <h2>Abductive reasoning</h2> | ||
Abductive reasoning is the reverse of deductive reasoning and reasons from an observation to the most likely explanation. This is also known as “inference to the best explanation”. It is more selective than inductive reasoning, since it prioritizes hypotheses. | Abductive reasoning is the reverse of deductive reasoning and reasons from an observation to the most likely explanation. This is also known as “inference to the best explanation”. It is more selective than inductive reasoning, since it prioritizes hypotheses. <ref name="wang2019designing">Wang, D., Yang, Q., Abdul, A., & Lim, B. Y. (2019, May). Designing theory-driven user-centric explainable AI. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-15).</ref> | ||
<h2>Analogical reasoning</h2> | <h2>Analogical reasoning</h2> | ||
Argument from analogy is a special type of inductive argument, whereby perceived similarities are used as a basis to infer some further similarity that has yet to be observed. Analogical reasoning is one of the most common methods by which human beings attempt to understand the world and make decisions. When a person has a bad experience with a product and decides not to buy anything further from the producer, this is often a case of analogical reasoning. It is also implicit in much of science; for instance, experiments on laboratory rats typically proceed on the basis that some physiological similarities between rats and humans entails some further similarity (e.g. possible reactions to a drug). | "Argument from analogy is a special type of inductive argument, whereby perceived similarities are used as a basis to infer some further similarity that has yet to be observed. Analogical reasoning is one of the most common methods by which human beings attempt to understand the world and make decisions. When a person has a bad experience with a product and decides not to buy anything further from the producer, this is often a case of analogical reasoning. It is also implicit in much of science; for instance, experiments on laboratory rats typically proceed on the basis that some physiological similarities between rats and humans entails some further similarity (e.g. possible reactions to a drug)." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_analogy</ref> | ||
<h2>Deductive reasoning</h2> | <h2>Deductive reasoning</h2> | ||
Deductive reasoning “top-down logic” is the process of reasoning from premises to a conclusion. | Deductive reasoning “top-down logic” is the process of reasoning from premises to a conclusion.<ref name="wang2019designing"/> | ||
<h2>Deep explanatory reasoning</h2> | <h2>Deep explanatory reasoning</h2> | ||
Revision as of 23:45, 18 February 2022
Abductive reasoning
Abductive reasoning is the reverse of deductive reasoning and reasons from an observation to the most likely explanation. This is also known as “inference to the best explanation”. It is more selective than inductive reasoning, since it prioritizes hypotheses. [1]
Analogical reasoning
"Argument from analogy is a special type of inductive argument, whereby perceived similarities are used as a basis to infer some further similarity that has yet to be observed. Analogical reasoning is one of the most common methods by which human beings attempt to understand the world and make decisions. When a person has a bad experience with a product and decides not to buy anything further from the producer, this is often a case of analogical reasoning. It is also implicit in much of science; for instance, experiments on laboratory rats typically proceed on the basis that some physiological similarities between rats and humans entails some further similarity (e.g. possible reactions to a drug)." [2]
Deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning “top-down logic” is the process of reasoning from premises to a conclusion.[1]
Deep explanatory reasoning
The teacher/tutor and student should focus on deep conceptual models and explanations rather than superficial facts.
Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning “bottom-up logic” is the reverse process of reasoning from a single observation or instance to a probable explanation or generalization.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wang, D., Yang, Q., Abdul, A., & Lim, B. Y. (2019, May). Designing theory-driven user-centric explainable AI. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-15).
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_analogy